Remote Sensing

For the past 30 years ground-based remote sensing SO2 flux measurements were made using the COSPEC instrument. Application of the COSPEC technique on volcanoes world-wide resulted in an enormous data base on SO2 emissions. New, small, lightweight, low power and inexpensive spectrometers seem now to replace the COSPEC. At the workshop at least five different research groups arrived with these new instruments, at the heart of which is an off-the-shelf UV spectrometer produced by Ocean Optics (mini-DOAS). This new generation of instruments is comparable to the COSPEC but works on a slightly different principle. In order to measure the SO2 concentration in the plume, the spectrometer is used to collect an UV absorption spectrum in the wavelength range of SO2. A reference spectrum is collected outside of the plume. Subsequent data analyses and reduction is then used to compare the spectra to a stored calibration spectrum that represents a known SO2 concentration. From this ³fit² of spectra a concentration of the plume SO2 is obtained. Where the COSPEC uses calibration cells of known SO2 concentration to determine the gas concentration in the plume, the mini DOAS does not require such cells to make the measurement, although some groups use cells to check the results. At the workshop the different groups tested their spectrometers with and without calibration cells, compared data analyses algorithms and discussed the best ways to make these new tools usable and practical in the field on an active volcano. Simultaneous measurements using several spectrometers an a COSPEC were performed at Masaya. Comparison and evaluations of these results will be done in the near future.

Masaya:

Cerro Negro

Poas

Poas Volcano, Costa Rica


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